The objective of this research was to validate and qualify what has been traditionally taught as fact in first responder’s hazardous materials training regarding response precautions to and the likely behaviors of liquid oxygen (LOx) during a release. Subject matter experts disagreed that these precautions were well-founded in precedent or science. Findings showed that impact pressure did cause a reaction in LOx and asphalt under very specific, yet unrealistic, conditions. Conditions that are not likely to be encountered during an emergency response. No reactions were observed by combining LOx with common saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols. No reactions were observed driving fire apparatus over frost and through a LOx pool on asphalt. No reactions were observed by combining LOx and ordinary combustible materials. No reactions were observed when spark ignition was used as a source of ignition. Pilot ignition sources were introduced directly into a LOx pool on asphalt without reaction. However, immediate, and violent reactions were observed when pilot ignition or arc ignition was used to initiate combustion when combustible materials and fuels were in an ultra-high gaseous or liquid oxygen environment. Without flaming or arc ignition sources, no reactions were observed. The elimination of ignition sources and standard precautions for cryogenic materials are fundamental to a safe emergency response to LOx.
Traditional LOx Response Precautions Tested in this Study:
The Liquid Oxygen Program
Utah Valley University
Emergency Services
Email: LOx@uvu.edu
Liquid Oxygen Photos
Ignition Methods
Gallery
Video's
Additional Resources